eSignature legality summary
A written signature is not required for a valid contract (Code of Obligations, Civil Code, Commercial Code). A “secure electronic signature” (similar to an EU QES) gives the same enforceability as a handwritten signature (TCO Arts. 14(2), 15(1)). Without one, electronic records are admissible as commencement of evidence (Code of Civil Procedure s. 202), and courts treat emails as “documents” (Art. 199).
Types of permitted electronic signature
A standard electronic signature suits many commercial documents. Where the law requires written form for validity, a secure electronic signature within Law No. 5070 generally satisfies it, unless the transaction is expressly excluded from electronic execution.
Documents that may be signed electronically
Suitable for commercial agreements (NDAs, procurement, sales) and most sales/commercial documents, and residential and commercial leases.
Use with caution / not typically appropriate
A secure electronic signature may be required for assignment of claims, right-of-first-refusal contracts, hire-purchase agreements, promise of gift, publication contracts, real-estate brokerage, and IP license agreements.
- Real-property sale contracts and deeds (land registry / notarial)
- Family-law contracts (e.g., marriage) and wills
- Securitization contracts and company articles of incorporation
- IP transfer agreements
Seminal court cases
None reported.
Primary sources
- Electronic Signature Law No. 5070
- Turkish Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100
Disclaimer: This guide is general information, not legal advice, and is not a guarantee that any signature will be enforceable for a particular document, transaction, or jurisdiction. E-signature and data-protection laws change frequently. Confirm the requirements for your specific document and parties, and consult a licensed lawyer in the relevant country before relying on electronic signing.
Last reviewed: June 15, 2026