eSignature legality summary
The Law gives electronic records and signatures legal effect and admissibility, and a transaction is not denied validity merely because it is electronic. It recognizes three tiers — an ordinary electronic signature, a “protected” electronic signature meeting technical conditions, and an “authenticated” signature certified by an authorized body. An authenticated signature carries the strongest weight, including against third parties.
Types of permitted electronic signature
An ordinary electronic signature has the weight of an ordinary document between the parties. A protected electronic signature is uniquely linked to the signatory, under their sole control, tamper-evident after signing, and identifies them. An authenticated electronic signature is a protected signature certified by an authorized body (for example the Central Bank for banking, the competent ministry, or a licensed provider) and carries the strongest evidentiary weight.
Documents that may be signed electronically
Commonly signed electronically: commercial and sales agreements, NDAs, procurement, employee on-boarding, and many administrative transactions; lease contracts are expressly outside the property-registration exclusion.
Use with caution / not typically appropriate
Use an authenticated signature for high-value or third-party-facing matters. Where a law requires registration, notarization, or a specific form, follow that method.
- Wills and the creation or amendment of Waqf (endowment) conditions
- Transactions in movable and immovable property requiring registration (including related powers of attorney and title deeds) — except lease contracts
- Powers of attorney and civil-status matters
- Court proceedings, judicial notifications, and court resolutions
- Certain cancellation notices (for example utilities and insurance)
Seminal court cases
None reported.
Primary sources
Disclaimer: This guide is general information, not legal advice, and is not a guarantee that any signature will be enforceable for a particular document, transaction, or jurisdiction. E-signature and data-protection laws change frequently. Confirm the requirements for your specific document and parties, and consult a licensed lawyer in the relevant country before relying on electronic signing.
Last reviewed: June 15, 2026