eSignature legality summary
A written signature is not required for a valid contract — the elements are offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, and capacity. The Evidence Act recognizes electronic signatures, and electronic records are admissible under s. 93.
Types of permitted electronic signature
A standard electronic signature is generally usable; matters requiring a company seal, a deed, or notarial formalities need the prescribed form.
Documents that may be signed electronically
Suitable for HR documents, commercial agreements (NDAs, procurement, sales, distribution, service), and consumer agreements.
Use with caution / not typically appropriate
Documents requiring a company common seal or execution as a deed (e.g., land alienation, deed-executing powers of attorney, probate) need the prescribed formalities.
- Documents requiring a company seal or execution as a deed (land alienation, certain powers of attorney, will probate)
- Wills, codicils, and testamentary documents; death and birth certificates
- Family-law matters (marriage, divorce, adoption)
- Court orders, affidavits, pleadings, motions, and other judicial documents
Seminal court cases
None reported.
Primary sources
- Nigerian Evidence Act (s. 93)
Disclaimer: This guide is general information, not legal advice, and is not a guarantee that any signature will be enforceable for a particular document, transaction, or jurisdiction. E-signature and data-protection laws change frequently. Confirm the requirements for your specific document and parties, and consult a licensed lawyer in the relevant country before relying on electronic signing.
Last reviewed: June 15, 2026